We are developing Nrf2 activators to treat chronic diseases characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation.
Mitochondria are often called the "powerhouses" of the cell because of their ability to efficiently generate the energy cells need in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). However, mitochondria also play an important role in inflammation. As part of the inflammatory response, cells undergo a "metabolic shift" that reduces ATP production by the mitochondria (1). Instead, mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other byproducts that amplify inflammation (2-4). This metabolic shift is meant to be a temporary response to infection or injury. Once resolved, it is critical that mitochondrial metabolism returns to its normal state, ROS are neutralized, and inflammatory processes are turned off (5).